Analysis of Photoelectric Colorimetry and Fluorimetry of the Turin Shroud
Larry Schwalbe,
Samuel Pellicori
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
1-8
Received:
28 December 2022
Accepted:
13 January 2023
Published:
30 January 2023
Abstract: We analyze spectrophotometric data collected directly on the Turin Shroud in 1978. Using standard methodologies, we transform 19 visual reflectance and 16 UV-fluorescent emission spectra to CIE xyY color space coordinates. We then compare these results to those of an Italian team of investigators. Comparing x-y chromaticities, the reflectivities from clear areas (background), image, and blood-stain locations agree with corresponding data collected independently by the Italian team. In both sets of data, the clusters from image and background areas overlap strongly and are clearly separated from the blood-stain points. Data from lightly scorched areas fall within the clusters from background and image locations. Data from deeper scorches diverge significantly, as do all scorch data from the Italian team. We generate similar colorimetric data from the spectral UV-fluorescence measurements made by the Shroud of Turin Research Project (STURP). Plotted as x-y chromaticities, the clear areas group together as a cluster as do the blood data but the two clusters show a significant separation from each other. The scorch data are configured along a linear continuum advancing from the lightest clear areas to the darkest scorches. The image data bifurcate: two of the four points lie within the clear-area cluster and the two outliers fall in line with the scorch data. We offer interpretations and speculations on these findings. Quantification of the 1978 measurements establishes a procedure for future monitoring of the aging state of TS features. The measurement protocol and methodologies discussed are important for preservation of other historical art and historical relics.
Abstract: We analyze spectrophotometric data collected directly on the Turin Shroud in 1978. Using standard methodologies, we transform 19 visual reflectance and 16 UV-fluorescent emission spectra to CIE xyY color space coordinates. We then compare these results to those of an Italian team of investigators. Comparing x-y chromaticities, the reflectivities fr...
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Distribution Pattern and Geological Factor Review in the Construction of Office Buildings in the City of Bandung During Dutch East Indies Colonial Era
Hana Kamila Fauziyah,
Ali Akbar,
Kresno Yulianto Soekardi,
Wanny Rahardjo Wahyudi,
Lutfi Yondri,
Taat Setiawan,
Satrio
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2023
Pages:
9-16
Received:
20 July 2022
Accepted:
9 August 2022
Published:
11 July 2023
Abstract: Geologically, the city of Bandung is built on a former large lake known as the Ancient Bandung Lake and when the water recedes it forms a topography in the form of a basin known as the Bandung Basin. The interesting thing is that when the Dutch East Indies Colonial government built Jalan Raya Pos and office buildings they tended to choose the northern part of the basin over the southern part. This study aims to determine the pattern of distribution of office buildings along Jalan Raya Pos during the Dutch East Indies Colonial era and review geological factors that influenced it. This research was conducted by studying the distribution pattern of the building through the nearest neighbor analysis method and its location from Jalan Raya Pos and the geological map of the Bandung Basin. The results of this study show that office buildings built during the Dutch East Indies Colonial were dominantly concentrated in the northern part of Jalan Raya Pos which were randomly distributed, located in the northern part of the Bandung Basin with an altitude between 704 – 725 m sea level, dry plains, and stable soil conditions with topography relatively flat. Meanwhile, in the southern part, the topography continues to decline until the bottom of the Basin which has an average elevation of 600 m sea level. The main rocks in the northern part of the Bandung Basin are volcanic products, while the southern part is lake deposits so the soil surface in the southern part has a wetter and unstable condition because the constituent rocks are the clay. This also has implications for the available groundwater potential, in the northern part relatively having a character with much better quantity and quality than the southern part. This condition made the Dutch East Indies Colonial government prefer the north side of Jalan Raya Pos and the northern part of Bandung Basin in constructing office buildings which are randomly distributed more in the north of Jalan Raya Pos, which is 87%, while in the south 13% in the period from 1810 – 1940.
Abstract: Geologically, the city of Bandung is built on a former large lake known as the Ancient Bandung Lake and when the water recedes it forms a topography in the form of a basin known as the Bandung Basin. The interesting thing is that when the Dutch East Indies Colonial government built Jalan Raya Pos and office buildings they tended to choose the north...
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